The IIT Madras BS Design Thinking for Data-Driven App Development (Design Thinking) Quiz 2 paper sat on 2 Apr 2023, in the January 2023 term, set QPE3: 45 questions for 45 marks in 120 minutes. Every question is below with its answer. Take it as a timed mock test to be marked, or read it through first.
What are visual constraints in design?
They are the perceived properties of an object or interface that suggest how itcan or should be used.
They are the limitations or restrictions placed on the visual elements of adesign project.
They are the space of possible actions from an object's appearance, providingpeople with a range of usage possibilities.
They are the effective and usable elements of a design that communicate theintended message to the audience.
Correct answer
They are the limitations or restrictions placed on the visual elements of adesign project.
Which stages did Prof. Bala Ramadurai go through to develop the four-step design thinking process of Empathize-Analyze-Solve-Test to help create better products or services?
Ideas → Problems → Service or Product → Test → People → Revenue
People → Problems → Service or Product → People → Test → Revenue
People → Problems → Ideas → Test → Service or Product → Revenue
People → Ideas → Test → Problems → Service or Product → Revenue
Correct answer
People → Problems → Ideas → Test → Service or Product → Revenue
Imagine you are designing the world’s first voice-guided navigation system for a car GPS. At this early stage in the design process, you want to find out if drivers can understand and respond to your voice directions while driving a car. Which prototype would you build for this purpose?
Have pre-determined turn-by-turn directions for a particular route written on anotepad. The experimenter reads the right directions while the participant drives on the route.
Create a fully functional system with a database of routes, directions and voiceclips on a laptop and put the laptop in the car. The participant drives the car along the route andhears the turn directions from the laptop.
A paper prototype of the GPS display with multiple screens that each showsthe map at a different part of a route. The participant evaluates the prototype in a lab. For eachscreen, the experimenter speaks out the turn directions and asks the participant what he shoulddo (e.g., “I’d take the next exit”).
Create a video of a person driving on a route, and then add your instructionsas a voiceover. Show participants this video, pause the video after each instruction and ask whatparticipants would do.
Correct answer
Have pre-determined turn-by-turn directions for a particular route written on anotepad. The experimenter reads the right directions while the participant drives on the route.
Consider the following statements regarding the project life cycle
1. Understanding the scope of the project is part of the initiation phase. 2. Objectives of the project are defined in the initiation phase. 3. Formulation and planning of various activities are done before moving to the execution phase.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
1, 2 and 3
An Agile methodology based project is about to start in a week’s time. Annabelle and Ayraa, the two developers are discussing the applicability of automation. While Annabelle says automation can be done only at the testing level, Ayraa believes that development and deployment can be automated in Agile projects along with testing. Which of the following statements is true?
Annabelle is correct as only testing can be automated in an Agile project.
Ayraa is correct as development testing and deployment can be automated inan Agile project.
Ayraa is partially correct as deployment can’t be automated in an Agile project.
Ayraa is partially correct as development can’t be automated in an Agileproject.
Correct answer
Ayraa is correct as development testing and deployment can be automated inan Agile project.
Which descriptor below contains elements of an effective persona?
Mahavir Singh Phogat is a middle-aged former amateur wrestler trained in thePehlwani style of Indian wrestling, residing in Haryana.
Mahavir Singh Phogat is dejected as he could not win a medal for his country,but he vows that his unborn son will.
Mahavir Singh Phogat is disappointed on having four daughters, he gives uphope.
Despite facing backlash from the villagers, Mahavir Singh Phogat goes aheadwith his daughter Geeta and Babita, training them in his makeshift mud pit.
Correct answer
Mahavir Singh Phogat is a middle-aged former amateur wrestler trained in thePehlwani style of Indian wrestling, residing in Haryana.
What is the purpose of the extreme character in design thinking?
To create a fictional persona that represents the target user group.
To identify the most extreme or unusual user group and design a solution thatmeets their needs.
To challenge assumptions and generate new ideas by considering the needsand perspectives of an extreme user group.
To exclude certain user groups from the design process in order to focus on aspecific target market.
Correct answer
To challenge assumptions and generate new ideas by considering the needsand perspectives of an extreme user group.
According to the four-stage Design Thinking process, which of the following represents the correct phases that need to be analyzed when conducting a customer journey mapping?
When, Where, Why
Before, During, After
Why, How, When
Who, What, When
Correct answer
Before, During, After
Which of the following is a recommended best practice for conducting a user journey mapping?
1. Only include experts with similar viewpoints to ensure consistency. 2. Ask generic, unprepared questions to elicit unfiltered responses. 3. Observe and note the user's physical and emotional experiences during a task.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
3 only
Which of the following is a key difference between design research and market research?
Design research uses quantitative methods, while market research usesqualitative methods.
Design research focuses on what people will buy, while market researchfocuses on what people need.
Design research relies on big data analytics, while market research usesobservational methods.
Design research studies people in-depth, while market research converseswith hundreds of people in focus groups.
Correct answer
Design research studies people in-depth, while market research converseswith hundreds of people in focus groups.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between empathy maps and journey maps?
Empathy maps capture the overall customer experience, while journey mapsfocus on specific touchpoints.
Empathy maps focus on customer emotions, while journey maps focus oncustomer behaviours.
Empathy maps capture customer thoughts, while journey maps capturecustomer feelings.
Empathy maps and journey maps are the same things.
Correct answer
Empathy maps capture the overall customer experience, while journey mapsfocus on specific touchpoints.
Which of the following statements is true regarding design methods and their criticisms?
Design methods are design tools, and their criticisms led to the emergence ofparticipatory design, user-centred design, and design thinking as a creative process in problem-solving and innovation.
Design methods are only procedures for designing, and their criticisms havenot led to any significant changes in the design process.
Design methods are not effective in the design process, and their criticismshave led to a decline in their use.
Design methods are outdated and have been replaced by newer approachesto design.
Correct answer
Design methods are design tools, and their criticisms led to the emergence ofparticipatory design, user-centred design, and design thinking as a creative process in problem-solving and innovation.
What is the typical number of HMW (How Might We) questions to be framed for customer journey mapping?
3-4
2-3
1-2
5 or multiple HMW
Correct answer
2-3
What is the primary purpose of Storyboarding in design?
To showcase the user interface of a product.
To discuss details on the final product and marketing plan for that product.
To create an immersive, detailed world that will feel realistic to all users.
To focus on the task the user is performing while interacting with the product.
Correct answer
To focus on the task the user is performing while interacting with the product.
Which of the following is an example of design thinking being used in the automobile sector?
Changing the colour of a car's exterior to a more fashionable shade.
Adding more cup holders to the interior of a car.
Conducting user research to identify pain points in the car ownershipexperience and designing solutions to address them.
Increasing the engine power of a car to make it faster.
Correct answer
Conducting user research to identify pain points in the car ownershipexperience and designing solutions to address them.
Why do we choose to Analyze in Design thinking?
To identify the unsaid needs of the customer
To solve the problem of the customer
To regenerate a problem statement
To use tools like How Might We, Customer Journey Map
Correct answer
To identify the unsaid needs of the customer
Which among the following is the correct approach to Multi-why Analysis?
Ask the customer why are they suffering, what is the cause, and when did itstart?
Ask the customer why their problem exists, and then go ahead and solve thatproblem
Ask the customer why their problem exists, then drill down further by askingmore whys till you annoy the customer
Ask the customer why their problem exists, then drill down further by askingmore whys till you find out the root cause of that problem
Correct answer
Ask the customer why their problem exists, then drill down further by askingmore whys till you find out the root cause of that problem
What does Prof. Bala Ramadurai suggest when it comes to the application of Multi-why analysis?
Pick the most important How Might We question from the customer’s point ofview
Apply Multi Why on all problems and HMWs that we generate duringEmpathize phase
Ask why the customer still faces the problem and identify whether they aregaining something from it, eg. XP points
Make assumptions on the answers of the possible Multi-Why and navigate theseries of questions so you narrow down to a solution
Correct answer
Pick the most important How Might We question from the customer’s point ofview
What among the following should be considered the best practices for the application of the Analysis phase?
1. Gather a lot of expert analysts and get additional information 2. Seek insights from possible customers 3. Continue drilling down the core reason for the problem even if the answers move beyond your area of expertise 4. Forgo the laws of the land and seek answers and solutions beyond them.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1, 2 and 3
1 only
2 and 4
1 and 2
Correct answer
1 and 2
As per the interaction between Prof. Bala and Mr. Shyam Raghunandan (Schueco), what are the few factors that are NOT being considered in architectural designing and planning, keeping in mind human or customer-centricity?
Aesthetic; visual appeal.
Life expectancy of the product; the lesser the better.
Performance; Protection from the wind, water, and heat.
Sustainability; blending technology while dealing with the effects of climatechange.
Correct answer
Life expectancy of the product; the lesser the better.
Which of the following is suggested as one of the most effective ways to conduct a brainstorming session, according to the paper that Prof. Bala came across?
Encouraging team members to keep their ideas to themselves.
Asking team members to present their ideas one at a time.
Writing down all the ideas of all team members on paper.
Ignoring the ideas of quieter team members.
Correct answer
Writing down all the ideas of all team members on paper.
Who developed the concept of TRIZ?
Khabib Nurmagomedov
Genrich Altshuller
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Heinrich Himmler
Correct answer
Genrich Altshuller
Nitish is a 28-year-old app developer from Kolkata. He was asked to create a few wireframes based on the insights provided by his manager. From a Design Thinking perspective, what phase best suits Nitish’s wireframing activity?
Analyze
Solve
Test
Empathize
Correct answer
Solve
Which example did Prof. Prathap Haridoss use to illustrate the concept of 'poor feedback' in design?
Siren in a police car
Alarm in a water purifier
Fire alarm on the IITM campus
Emergency button in an elevator
Correct answer
Alarm in a water purifier
Which TRIZ principle did Prof. Bala Ramadurai relate to the smuggling scene in the movie Naayagan?
Principle of ideality
Beforehand cushioning
Principle of inventive solutions
Principle of segmentation
Correct answer
Beforehand cushioning
Which of the following belongs to the Test phase in Design Thinking?
Prototype and test
Ideate and implement
Conceptualize and move ahead
Analyze and solve
Correct answer
Prototype and test
While dealing with alkaline storage batteries, Thomas Edison recognized that traditional storage batteries had several shortcomings, including a short lifespan and a tendency to leak and corrode. To address these issues, Edison added a layer of protective material to the positive electrode of the battery. This material, known as an oxide of nickel, served as a layer that prevented the electrode from corroding and deteriorating over time. What TRIZ Principle has been applied here?
Nested dolls
Beforehand cushioning
Asymmetry
Anti-weight
Correct answer
Beforehand cushioning
When launching an app and testing it out in the market. We make assumptions like the customer will know how to download an app, use Playstore/App Store, and know English. Why is it important to validate assumptions made when launching and testing a mobile app?
To make the testing process more difficult and time-consuming
To ensure that the app is not successful
To avoid making any changes to the app
To improve the app's performance and user experience
Correct answer
To improve the app's performance and user experience
Which of the following best describes influencer marketing?
A form of advertising that relies on endorsements from popular celebrities.
A type of marketing that focuses on influencing consumer behavior throughsocial media influencers.
A strategy that involves creating viral content to increase brand awareness.
A method of targeting consumers through email marketing.
Correct answer
A type of marketing that focuses on influencing consumer behavior throughsocial media influencers.
How can a company encourage its customers to refer new customers?
By offering incentives such as discounts, free products, or cash rewards
By threatening to revoke their customer privileges if they don't refer newcustomers
By asking them to refer new customers in a rude or pushy way
By spamming their customers' emails and phone numbers with referralrequests
Correct answer
By offering incentives such as discounts, free products, or cash rewards
Which of the following is an important consideration for website development from a design perspective?
The type of programming language used to build the website.
The size of the company logo that appears on the homepage.
The layout and organization of content on the website.
The number of social media icons included in the footer.
Correct answer
The layout and organization of content on the website.
Consider the following regarding User Experience (UX) Design principles
1. Strive for consistency 2. Strive for novelty 3. Maximize users’ cognitive loads
Which of the principles given above can help improve usability, increase appeal, and create effective designs?
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
Correct answer
1 and 2 only
State whether the following statement is true or false In UX design, while simplicity aims to reduce complexity, minimalism is about reducing the elements to a strict minimum.
TRUE
FALSE
Correct answer
TRUE
Consider the following regarding low-fidelity prototypes
1. Low-fidelity prototypes are quick and easy to create and allow designers to iterate quickly and make changes based on user feedback. 2. Low-fidelity prototypes are realistic and are used to test the functionality, usability, and aesthetics of a design.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer
1 only
Which of the following best describes the role of product management?
Controlling the costs associated with running a business.
The application of methods and skills to achieve specific project objectives.
Planning, developing, launching, and managing a product or service.
Managing technological fundamentals to create customer advantage.
Correct answer
Planning, developing, launching, and managing a product or service.
Imagine you make a game app for parents and their children (aged 4-8) to play together. What will be a sign of a successfully presented prototype?
The music is appealing to adults only.
They are able to figure out the functionalities and navigation of the app easilyand by themselves.
The app plays a lullaby upon crashing.
The app gives alternative solutions in case parents and children don’t findthem appealing.
Correct answer
They are able to figure out the functionalities and navigation of the app easilyand by themselves.
Why do we go for the second round of analysis once we’ve made the prototype
1. To use the user’s experience to see if we’re going in the right direction 2. Because Design Thinking as a concept is an iterative process and requires re-establishing a connection with the EAS stages 3. To understand why the user is doing what the user is doing 4. Work on learnings and implement in the next round of Solve stage
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
2 only
1, 3 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer
1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following is the most appropriate way for design thinking professionals to address conflicts of interest that arise due to technical lacking during the Analyze phase?
By ignoring potential conflicts of interest and focusing solely on user needs.
By prioritizing their personal interests over the interests of users.
By trying to prioritize and address potential conflicts between the customerand the technical limitations.
By avoiding collaboration with other stakeholders.
Correct answer
By trying to prioritize and address potential conflicts between the customerand the technical limitations.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of bulletproofing ideas during the Analyze phase?
Helps in generating solutions
Ensures feasibility
Improves scalability
Gets us feedback
Correct answer
Improves scalability
What is the phenomenon known as the Network Effect, as mentioned by Mr. Bharath Visweswariah, in relation to startups and businesses?
A phenomenon that limits new businesses from acquiring new users who livein far-fetched areas.
A phenomenon whereby increased numbers of people or participants improvethe value of a good or service.
A phenomenon that only benefits websites like Facebook and Twitter.
A phenomenon that has no impact on investors' decisions to invest incompanies.
Correct answer
A phenomenon whereby increased numbers of people or participants improvethe value of a good or service.
Read the case study, and answer the given subquestions.
CASE INCIDENT
User Experience of a Grocery Store
A team of IITM BS DTD-DAD students conducted in-depth interviews and observations with shoppers in the Prime Mart, a grocery store located on the IIT Madras campus, to understand their pain points and needs. They identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing. The team analyzed the research findings and synthesized the information into clear problem statements. They identified the key issue as improving the checkout experience to reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction. The team generated a variety of potential solutions through brainstorming sessions and creative exercises. They came up with ideas such as self-checkout kiosks, mobile payment options, and optimizing the layout of the store. The team created rough drafts of their ideas to test with users. They developed a mobile payment app prototype app that allowed customers to scan and pay for items as they shopped. However, they encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. The team tested their prototype with real users to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement. They found that the app was well-received by users and helped to reduce checkout times, but there were still some issues that needed to be addressed before implementation.
After much observation and analysis, the team come up with some validated solutions that they believe can solve some problems in the grocery store to a great extent. But they notice that implementing/ testing these solutions would be costly and would require infrastructural changes and then they chose to develop a mobile app. What approach did the team take in the Design Thinking process to evaluate potential solutions for improving the grocery store's user experience, given the infrastructural and budget constraints?
Analysis of grocery store customers’ insights
Creation of a budget estimate to test some solutions only
Application of the systematic problem solving method
Going back to the ideate phase of the design thinking approach
Correct answer
Application of the systematic problem solving method
Read the case study, and answer the given subquestions.
CASE INCIDENT
User Experience of a Grocery Store
A team of IITM BS DTD-DAD students conducted in-depth interviews and observations with shoppers in the Prime Mart, a grocery store located on the IIT Madras campus, to understand their pain points and needs. They identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing. The team analyzed the research findings and synthesized the information into clear problem statements. They identified the key issue as improving the checkout experience to reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction. The team generated a variety of potential solutions through brainstorming sessions and creative exercises. They came up with ideas such as self-checkout kiosks, mobile payment options, and optimizing the layout of the store. The team created rough drafts of their ideas to test with users. They developed a mobile payment app prototype app that allowed customers to scan and pay for items as they shopped. However, they encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. The team tested their prototype with real users to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement. They found that the app was well-received by users and helped to reduce checkout times, but there were still some issues that needed to be addressed before implementation.
What is the purpose of a creative exercise in the Design Thinking process?
To generate as many ideas as possible
To eliminate bad ideas quickly
To validate the feasibility of potential solutions
To conduct in-depth research on user needs
Correct answer
To generate as many ideas as possible
Read the case study, and answer the given subquestions.
CASE INCIDENT
User Experience of a Grocery Store
A team of IITM BS DTD-DAD students conducted in-depth interviews and observations with shoppers in the Prime Mart, a grocery store located on the IIT Madras campus, to understand their pain points and needs. They identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing. The team analyzed the research findings and synthesized the information into clear problem statements. They identified the key issue as improving the checkout experience to reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction. The team generated a variety of potential solutions through brainstorming sessions and creative exercises. They came up with ideas such as self-checkout kiosks, mobile payment options, and optimizing the layout of the store. The team created rough drafts of their ideas to test with users. They developed a mobile payment app prototype app that allowed customers to scan and pay for items as they shopped. However, they encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. The team tested their prototype with real users to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement. They found that the app was well-received by users and helped to reduce checkout times, but there were still some issues that needed to be addressed before implementation.
Consider the following statements regarding the empathize phase in the case
1. The team identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing by conducting in-depth interviews. 2. The team used shadowing to get an in-depth understanding of the customer experience by observing a customer as they go through the entire shopping process. 3. The team conducted co-creation workshops to gather insights and ideas from customers directly.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are true?
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Correct answer
1 and 2 only
Read the case study, and answer the given subquestions.
CASE INCIDENT
User Experience of a Grocery Store
A team of IITM BS DTD-DAD students conducted in-depth interviews and observations with shoppers in the Prime Mart, a grocery store located on the IIT Madras campus, to understand their pain points and needs. They identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing. The team analyzed the research findings and synthesized the information into clear problem statements. They identified the key issue as improving the checkout experience to reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction. The team generated a variety of potential solutions through brainstorming sessions and creative exercises. They came up with ideas such as self-checkout kiosks, mobile payment options, and optimizing the layout of the store. The team created rough drafts of their ideas to test with users. They developed a mobile payment app prototype app that allowed customers to scan and pay for items as they shopped. However, they encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. The team tested their prototype with real users to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement. They found that the app was well-received by users and helped to reduce checkout times, but there were still some issues that needed to be addressed before implementation.
Which of the following best describes the importance of user experience design in the grocery store case discussed in main question?
User experience design is not important in the grocery store case, as the teamwas primarily focused on identifying pain points through interviews.
User experience design is important in the grocery store case because it helpsensure that customers have a positive experience and are more likely to return to the store.
User experience design is important in the grocery store case because it helpsreduce costs by streamlining processes and making the shopping experience more efficient.
User experience design is not relevant in the grocery store case, as it isprimarily a logistical challenge of moving products from the supplier to the store.
Correct answer
User experience design is important in the grocery store case because it helpsensure that customers have a positive experience and are more likely to return to the store.
Read the case study, and answer the given subquestions.
CASE INCIDENT
User Experience of a Grocery Store
A team of IITM BS DTD-DAD students conducted in-depth interviews and observations with shoppers in the Prime Mart, a grocery store located on the IIT Madras campus, to understand their pain points and needs. They identified common issues such as long checkout lines, difficulty finding products, and confusion about pricing. The team analyzed the research findings and synthesized the information into clear problem statements. They identified the key issue as improving the checkout experience to reduce wait times and increase customer satisfaction. The team generated a variety of potential solutions through brainstorming sessions and creative exercises. They came up with ideas such as self-checkout kiosks, mobile payment options, and optimizing the layout of the store. The team created rough drafts of their ideas to test with users. They developed a mobile payment app prototype app that allowed customers to scan and pay for items as they shopped. However, they encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. The team tested their prototype with real users to gather feedback and identify areas for improvement. They found that the app was well-received by users and helped to reduce checkout times, but there were still some issues that needed to be addressed before implementation.
The team encountered some issues during the prototyping phase, such as technical glitches and difficulty integrating the app with the store’s existing systems. As a Design Thinking consultant, what would you recommend as the possible course of action for the team?
Go back to Empathize phase to integrate store employees’ pain points.
Conduct user testing and simply the app with optimal features.
Consider non-technical solutions such as redesigning store layouts oradjusting employee training programs.
Test the prototype and solicit feedback from the store employees only.
Correct answer
Conduct user testing and simply the app with optimal features.
