English II End Term: 3 September 2023, Set QPF1-S1 (May 2023 term)

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Choose an appropriate word to fill the blank in the passage.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

A possible outcome of herding is/are __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Choose an appropriate replacement for the word ‘vulnerable’.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Being in a herd __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Herding changes an individual’s __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Choose the correct statements from the following.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Crowds offer a paradoxical identity to an individual. This statement is __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Gangs and fringe elements flourish because they offer financial benefits to its members.
This statement is

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Being a part of the crowd __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions
Have you noticed how, when crossing a busy road, you feel a sudden urge to speed up and melt into the crowd? Whether you are in Rio de Janeiro or Bangkok, New Delhi or New York City, your animal instinct tells you that it is safer to ___________ as part of a herd than on your own. Fear brings us closer together. The evidence is not just anecdotal. When we are herding, neuroimaging experiments show increased activation in the amygdala area of the brain, where fear and other negative emotions are processed. While you may feel vulnerable and exposed on your own, being part of the herd gives you a distinct sense of protection. You know in your guts that, in the midst of others, the risk of being hit by a car is lower because it is somehow distributed among the group’s members. The more of them, the lower the risk. There is safety in numbers. And so much more than mere safety.
Herding also comes with an intoxicating sense of power: as members of a crowd, we feel much stronger and braver than we are in fact. And sometimes we act accordingly. The same person who, on his own, wouldn’t ‘hurt a fly’ will not hesitate to set a government building on fire or rob a liquor store when part of an angry mass. The most mild-mannered of us can make the meanest comments as part of an online mob. A herd can do wonders of psychological transformation in its individual members; in no time, prudence turns into folly, caution into recklessness, decency into savagery. Once caught up in the maelstrom, it is extremely difficult to hold back: you see it as your duty to participate. Any act of lynching, ancient or modern, literal or on social media, displays this feature. ‘A murder shared with many others, which is not only safe and permitted, but indeed recommended, is irresistible to the great majority of men,’ writes Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power (1960).
The herd can also give its members a disproportionate sense of personal worth. No matter how empty or miserable their individual existence may otherwise be, belonging to a certain group makes them feel accepted and recognised – even respected. There is no hole in one’s personal life, no matter how big, that one’s intense devotion to one’s tribe cannot fill, no trauma that it does not seem to heal. That’s why cults and gangs, fringe organisations or sects hold such an extraordinary appeal: to a disoriented soul, they can offer a sense of fulfilment and recognition that neither family nor friends nor profession can supply. A crowd can be therapeutic in the same way in which a highly toxic substance can have curative powers.
Herding, then, engenders a paradoxical form of identity: you are somebody not despite the fact that you’ve melted into the crowd, but because of it. You may be nobody on your own, and your life an empty shell, yet once you’ve managed to establish a meaningful connection with the herd, its volcanic, boundless life overflows into yours and more than fulfills it. You will not be able to find yourself in the crowd, but that’s the least of your worries: you are now part of something that feels so much grander and nobler than your poor self. Your connection with the life of the herd not only fills an inner vacuum but adds a sense of purpose to your disoriented existence. And the more individuals bring their disorientedness to the party, the livelier it gets. And all the more dangerous.

Choose an appropriate replacement for the word ‘maelstrom’.

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

Winning at least one of each of the following entertainment awards, the Emmy, the Grammy, the Oscars, and the Tony, is called _____________.

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

The number of days in which Wolfgang Schwerk completed the self-transcendence race in New York is _____________.

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

The Ironman triathlon involves _____________, ______________, and ___________.

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

If you completed running a marathon, how many miles would you have run?

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

How many miles does an athlete race on a bicycle in the Ironman triathlon?

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

Which among the following is NOT a possible synonym of the word transcendence?

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

Which among the following is a synonym of the word achievement?

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

The total number of human beings who have won at least one of each of Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony awards in competitive categories is _____________.

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

Which among the following is a possible synonym of the word 'competitive' ?

Listen to the audio and answer the given subquestions:

885_640653_0_1984128_hs1002etqe1s1q2.mp3

What is the meaning of the phrasal verb 'wear out'?

Read the following conversation and answer the given subquestions:
Karan: Right, so shall we discuss what we have to do for this project then?
Lavanya: Yes, it says we have to ‘Investigate some aspect of the university facilities’.
Paul: Yeah, we have to design a questionnaire, don’t we?
Lavanya: Yes. And we have to write a report and do a presentation.
Paul: How long does it have to be? 1000 words, isn’t it?
Lavanya: Let me see. The report has to be between 1000 and 1500 words, and we have to do that on our own, but we do the presentation and the investigation as a group.
Lavanya: So, have you got any ideas about what we can investigate?
Karan: I know one of the other groups is looking at the university library and whether it’s adequate for student needs.
Paul: Yes, and one group’s doing the sports center.
Karan: I was wondering about investigating transport.
Paul: Transport?
Lavanya: Yes, we could look at whether people think the bus service is regular enough, and we could also look at car parking facilities.
Paul: We could look at the cycle parking facilities too. There’s never enough space for all the cycles in the cycle sheds. I’m sure the university could afford to build more, what with all the fees we pay. Karan: OK, I’m happy with that idea. So, how should we go about the investigation then? Lavanya: Well, we could make some questionnaires. I can ask the people who travel on buses, and Paul, you can ask cyclists, and Karan, you do a questionnaire for car drivers.
Karan: Shouldn’t we write the questions together, rather than individually?
Lavanya: Yes, that’s what I meant, we can write the questionnaires together, but each of us can be responsible for carrying out the questionnaires individually. Does that sound okay?
Karan: It sounds good. Okay, well, let’s think about these questions then.

Which TWO of the following things will the team do as a group?

Read the following conversation and answer the given subquestions:
Karan: Right, so shall we discuss what we have to do for this project then?
Lavanya: Yes, it says we have to ‘Investigate some aspect of the university facilities’.
Paul: Yeah, we have to design a questionnaire, don’t we?
Lavanya: Yes. And we have to write a report and do a presentation.
Paul: How long does it have to be? 1000 words, isn’t it?
Lavanya: Let me see. The report has to be between 1000 and 1500 words, and we have to do that on our own, but we do the presentation and the investigation as a group.
Lavanya: So, have you got any ideas about what we can investigate?
Karan: I know one of the other groups is looking at the university library and whether it’s adequate for student needs.
Paul: Yes, and one group’s doing the sports center.
Karan: I was wondering about investigating transport.
Paul: Transport?
Lavanya: Yes, we could look at whether people think the bus service is regular enough, and we could also look at car parking facilities.
Paul: We could look at the cycle parking facilities too. There’s never enough space for all the cycles in the cycle sheds. I’m sure the university could afford to build more, what with all the fees we pay. Karan: OK, I’m happy with that idea. So, how should we go about the investigation then? Lavanya: Well, we could make some questionnaires. I can ask the people who travel on buses, and Paul, you can ask cyclists, and Karan, you do a questionnaire for car drivers.
Karan: Shouldn’t we write the questions together, rather than individually?
Lavanya: Yes, that’s what I meant, we can write the questionnaires together, but each of us can be responsible for carrying out the questionnaires individually. Does that sound okay?
Karan: It sounds good. Okay, well, let’s think about these questions then.

How long does the report have to be?

Read the following conversation and answer the given subquestions:
Karan: Right, so shall we discuss what we have to do for this project then?
Lavanya: Yes, it says we have to ‘Investigate some aspect of the university facilities’.
Paul: Yeah, we have to design a questionnaire, don’t we?
Lavanya: Yes. And we have to write a report and do a presentation.
Paul: How long does it have to be? 1000 words, isn’t it?
Lavanya: Let me see. The report has to be between 1000 and 1500 words, and we have to do that on our own, but we do the presentation and the investigation as a group.
Lavanya: So, have you got any ideas about what we can investigate?
Karan: I know one of the other groups is looking at the university library and whether it’s adequate for student needs.
Paul: Yes, and one group’s doing the sports center.
Karan: I was wondering about investigating transport.
Paul: Transport?
Lavanya: Yes, we could look at whether people think the bus service is regular enough, and we could also look at car parking facilities.
Paul: We could look at the cycle parking facilities too. There’s never enough space for all the cycles in the cycle sheds. I’m sure the university could afford to build more, what with all the fees we pay. Karan: OK, I’m happy with that idea. So, how should we go about the investigation then? Lavanya: Well, we could make some questionnaires. I can ask the people who travel on buses, and Paul, you can ask cyclists, and Karan, you do a questionnaire for car drivers.
Karan: Shouldn’t we write the questions together, rather than individually?
Lavanya: Yes, that’s what I meant, we can write the questionnaires together, but each of us can be responsible for carrying out the questionnaires individually. Does that sound okay?
Karan: It sounds good. Okay, well, let’s think about these questions then.

What can be inferred about cycling at the university?

Read the following conversation and answer the given subquestions:
Karan: Right, so shall we discuss what we have to do for this project then?
Lavanya: Yes, it says we have to ‘Investigate some aspect of the university facilities’.
Paul: Yeah, we have to design a questionnaire, don’t we?
Lavanya: Yes. And we have to write a report and do a presentation.
Paul: How long does it have to be? 1000 words, isn’t it?
Lavanya: Let me see. The report has to be between 1000 and 1500 words, and we have to do that on our own, but we do the presentation and the investigation as a group.
Lavanya: So, have you got any ideas about what we can investigate?
Karan: I know one of the other groups is looking at the university library and whether it’s adequate for student needs.
Paul: Yes, and one group’s doing the sports center.
Karan: I was wondering about investigating transport.
Paul: Transport?
Lavanya: Yes, we could look at whether people think the bus service is regular enough, and we could also look at car parking facilities.
Paul: We could look at the cycle parking facilities too. There’s never enough space for all the cycles in the cycle sheds. I’m sure the university could afford to build more, what with all the fees we pay. Karan: OK, I’m happy with that idea. So, how should we go about the investigation then? Lavanya: Well, we could make some questionnaires. I can ask the people who travel on buses, and Paul, you can ask cyclists, and Karan, you do a questionnaire for car drivers.
Karan: Shouldn’t we write the questions together, rather than individually?
Lavanya: Yes, that’s what I meant, we can write the questionnaires together, but each of us can be responsible for carrying out the questionnaires individually. Does that sound okay?
Karan: It sounds good. Okay, well, let’s think about these questions then.

What do the students decide to investigate?

Read the following conversation and answer the given subquestions:
Karan: Right, so shall we discuss what we have to do for this project then?
Lavanya: Yes, it says we have to ‘Investigate some aspect of the university facilities’.
Paul: Yeah, we have to design a questionnaire, don’t we?
Lavanya: Yes. And we have to write a report and do a presentation.
Paul: How long does it have to be? 1000 words, isn’t it?
Lavanya: Let me see. The report has to be between 1000 and 1500 words, and we have to do that on our own, but we do the presentation and the investigation as a group.
Lavanya: So, have you got any ideas about what we can investigate?
Karan: I know one of the other groups is looking at the university library and whether it’s adequate for student needs.
Paul: Yes, and one group’s doing the sports center.
Karan: I was wondering about investigating transport.
Paul: Transport?
Lavanya: Yes, we could look at whether people think the bus service is regular enough, and we could also look at car parking facilities.
Paul: We could look at the cycle parking facilities too. There’s never enough space for all the cycles in the cycle sheds. I’m sure the university could afford to build more, what with all the fees we pay. Karan: OK, I’m happy with that idea. So, how should we go about the investigation then? Lavanya: Well, we could make some questionnaires. I can ask the people who travel on buses, and Paul, you can ask cyclists, and Karan, you do a questionnaire for car drivers.
Karan: Shouldn’t we write the questions together, rather than individually?
Lavanya: Yes, that’s what I meant, we can write the questionnaires together, but each of us can be responsible for carrying out the questionnaires individually. Does that sound okay?
Karan: It sounds good. Okay, well, let’s think about these questions then.

Who suggests the topic to be investigated?

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity
With the Indian economy returning back to normal and with consumption levels at an all-time high, the country has seen rapid growth in the demand for frontline workers. (1)__________________ than 8 million jobs were created in the frontline industry in FY 2022. With rising retail consumption in a post-pandemic economy, Q2 of FY 2022 saw a (2) ________________ rise in demand for frontline workers because of a rapid increase in jobs in the delivery and retail segments. E-commerce contributed the highest to the demand for frontline workers followed by logistics and mobility. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana and Tamil Nadu have the (3)______________ supply of and demand for frontline workers in India. Sixty (4)____________ of the total frontline workers belong to these states and 65% of the total demand comes from these states. Mumbai has been the (5)__________________ contributor and demand for frontline workers at 24.7% and 20.9%, respectively.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Choose the correct answer for blank (1).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity
With the Indian economy returning back to normal and with consumption levels at an all-time high, the country has seen rapid growth in the demand for frontline workers. (1)__________________ than 8 million jobs were created in the frontline industry in FY 2022. With rising retail consumption in a post-pandemic economy, Q2 of FY 2022 saw a (2) ________________ rise in demand for frontline workers because of a rapid increase in jobs in the delivery and retail segments. E-commerce contributed the highest to the demand for frontline workers followed by logistics and mobility. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana and Tamil Nadu have the (3)______________ supply of and demand for frontline workers in India. Sixty (4)____________ of the total frontline workers belong to these states and 65% of the total demand comes from these states. Mumbai has been the (5)__________________ contributor and demand for frontline workers at 24.7% and 20.9%, respectively.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Choose the correct answer for blank (2).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity
With the Indian economy returning back to normal and with consumption levels at an all-time high, the country has seen rapid growth in the demand for frontline workers. (1)__________________ than 8 million jobs were created in the frontline industry in FY 2022. With rising retail consumption in a post-pandemic economy, Q2 of FY 2022 saw a (2) ________________ rise in demand for frontline workers because of a rapid increase in jobs in the delivery and retail segments. E-commerce contributed the highest to the demand for frontline workers followed by logistics and mobility. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana and Tamil Nadu have the (3)______________ supply of and demand for frontline workers in India. Sixty (4)____________ of the total frontline workers belong to these states and 65% of the total demand comes from these states. Mumbai has been the (5)__________________ contributor and demand for frontline workers at 24.7% and 20.9%, respectively.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Choose the correct answer for blank (3).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity
With the Indian economy returning back to normal and with consumption levels at an all-time high, the country has seen rapid growth in the demand for frontline workers. (1)__________________ than 8 million jobs were created in the frontline industry in FY 2022. With rising retail consumption in a post-pandemic economy, Q2 of FY 2022 saw a (2) ________________ rise in demand for frontline workers because of a rapid increase in jobs in the delivery and retail segments. E-commerce contributed the highest to the demand for frontline workers followed by logistics and mobility. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana and Tamil Nadu have the (3)______________ supply of and demand for frontline workers in India. Sixty (4)____________ of the total frontline workers belong to these states and 65% of the total demand comes from these states. Mumbai has been the (5)__________________ contributor and demand for frontline workers at 24.7% and 20.9%, respectively.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Choose the correct answer for blank (4).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity
With the Indian economy returning back to normal and with consumption levels at an all-time high, the country has seen rapid growth in the demand for frontline workers. (1)__________________ than 8 million jobs were created in the frontline industry in FY 2022. With rising retail consumption in a post-pandemic economy, Q2 of FY 2022 saw a (2) ________________ rise in demand for frontline workers because of a rapid increase in jobs in the delivery and retail segments. E-commerce contributed the highest to the demand for frontline workers followed by logistics and mobility. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana and Tamil Nadu have the (3)______________ supply of and demand for frontline workers in India. Sixty (4)____________ of the total frontline workers belong to these states and 65% of the total demand comes from these states. Mumbai has been the (5)__________________ contributor and demand for frontline workers at 24.7% and 20.9%, respectively.
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Choose the correct answer for blank (5).

Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social context, from the given options.
Context: Between police constables of the same level in the police station:
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Reminding someone of an impending deadline.

Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social context, from the given options.
Context: Between police constables of the same level in the police station:
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Inviting a colleague for your birthday party.

Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social context, from the given options.
Context: Between police constables of the same level in the police station:
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Refusing a sweet that your colleague is offering you on a special occasion.

Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social context, from the given options.
Context: Between police constables of the same level in the police station:
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Requesting a more experienced constable for help.

Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social context, from the given options.
Context: Between police constables of the same level in the police station:
Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Reminding them of a pending report submission.

Read the following E-mail and answer the given subquestions
From: John Samuel johns@gmail.com
To: Michael Davis michaeld@gmail.com
Sub: __________
___________,
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the copywriter. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, ambitions, and interests.
The innovative approach to the corporate culture within the advertising world confirmed my wish to work at your firm.
I will bring my engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work in a cooperative way within the public relations department.
Thank you for taking the time to interview me for the copywriter profile at Dream Big Entertainments. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
John

Choose the most appropriate subject from the following

Read the following E-mail and answer the given subquestions
From: John Samuel johns@gmail.com
To: Michael Davis michaeld@gmail.com
Sub: __________
___________,
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the copywriter. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, ambitions, and interests.
The innovative approach to the corporate culture within the advertising world confirmed my wish to work at your firm.
I will bring my engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work in a cooperative way within the public relations department.
Thank you for taking the time to interview me for the copywriter profile at Dream Big Entertainments. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
John

Choose the most appropriate salutation from the following

Read the following E-mail and answer the given subquestions
From: John Samuel johns@gmail.com
To: Michael Davis michaeld@gmail.com
Sub: __________
___________,
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the copywriter. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, ambitions, and interests.
The innovative approach to the corporate culture within the advertising world confirmed my wish to work at your firm.
I will bring my engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work in a cooperative way within the public relations department.
Thank you for taking the time to interview me for the copywriter profile at Dream Big Entertainments. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
John

If Michael is a doctor, what should be the appropriate salutation?

Read the following E-mail and answer the given subquestions
From: John Samuel johns@gmail.com
To: Michael Davis michaeld@gmail.com
Sub: __________
___________,
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the copywriter. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, ambitions, and interests.
The innovative approach to the corporate culture within the advertising world confirmed my wish to work at your firm.
I will bring my engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work in a cooperative way within the public relations department.
Thank you for taking the time to interview me for the copywriter profile at Dream Big Entertainments. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
John

Choose the correct statements from the following
i) Emails are informal method of communication
ii) Emails can be rewritten before sending
iii) Emails are temporary
iv) Emails can be considered as evidence

Read the following E-mail and answer the given subquestions
From: John Samuel johns@gmail.com
To: Michael Davis michaeld@gmail.com
Sub: __________
___________,
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the copywriter. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, ambitions, and interests.
The innovative approach to the corporate culture within the advertising world confirmed my wish to work at your firm.
I will bring my engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work in a cooperative way within the public relations department.
Thank you for taking the time to interview me for the copywriter profile at Dream Big Entertainments. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
John

Salutation in an email is followed by __________.

Choose the discourse markers from the following sentence.
First of all, listen to me. I mean, you need to hear this before you proceed.

‘Old Marley was as dead as a doornail’ is an example of simile. This statement is ___________.

Identify the (verb) mood in the following sentence.
This is my friend.

Fill in the blank with a verb that is in the past perfect tense.
Kuttappa __________ to his siblings as a child.

‘He would make it to the sea.’
The phrase in italics is an adverbial phrase of place. This statement is:

‘The day after tomorrow is a holiday.’ This is an example of a ____________.

Identify the adjunct in the following sentence:
In the afternoons, we have a tea break.

Which of the following is NOT a subordinating conjunction?

For the following sentence, choose whether the type of sentence is simple, compound or complex He is funny, yet he is very polite.

‘The articles that I bought yesterday are already damaged.’ The relative pronoun here is __________.

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate modal verb.
The syllabus is very vast, so the exam ___________ be very tough.

The play____________ be starting late.

Find the correct question tag for the sentence provided.
It is well done, ___________?

Identify the object of the verb ‘say’ in the given sentence.
It was impossible to say yet whether the lion would attack or not.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence from the given options.

If I were you, I would continue working until it is finished. This is a ___________ sentence.

We have been searching for his address for a while. Indirect speech of the given sentence is ___________.

He could have played for his home country, ____________ he chose to play for his neighbours.

‘He has been unhappy since his cat disappeared.’ This sentence has _________ prefixes.

‘We planned to rendezvous and then sneak out to the beach.’ Here, rendezvous means