English II End Term: 24 December 2023, Set FDI2 (September 2023 term)

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

What is the meaning of ‘erstwhile’ ?

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

The narrator was born in ______________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

What is the meaning of ‘innate’ ?

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

The narrator’s ancestral home was built in the middle of the ____________ century.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Fill in the blank with the appropriate option.
It was a fairly large pucca house, made of __________and brick.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Select true or false for the following statement.
The narrator had a very insecure childhood, both materially and emotionally.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Choose the correct option.
The Second World War broke out in __________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Fill in the blank with the correct option.
The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and ____________.

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Which among the following words is an antonym of ‘cruelty’?

Read the following passage and answer the given subquestions.
I was born into a middle-class Tamil family in the island town of Rameswaram in the erstwhile Madras State. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal education nor much wealth; despite these disadvantages, he possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, Ashiamma. I do not recall the exact number of people she fed every day, but I am quite certain that far more outsiders ate with us than all the members of our own family put together.
I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never been able to understand, a sudden demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I used to collect the seeds and sell them to a provision shop on Mosque Street. A day’s collection would fetch me the princely sum of one anna. My brother-in-law Jallaluddin would tell me stories about the War which I would later attempt to trace in the headlines of Dinamani. Our area, being isolated, was completely unaffected by the war. But soon India was forced to join the Allied Forces and something like a state of emergency was declared. The first casualty came in the form of the suspension of the train halt at Rameswaram station. The newspapers now had to be bundled and thrown out from the moving train on the Rameswaram Road between Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi. That forced my cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a helping hand to catch the bundles and, as if naturally, I filled the slot. Samsuddin helped me earn my first wages. Half a century later, I can still feel the surge of pride in earning my own money for the first time.
Every child is born, with some inherited characteristics, into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment, and trained in certain ways by figures of authority. I inherited honesty and self- discipline from my father; from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness and so did my three brothers and sister. I had three close friends in my childhood — Ramanadha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan.
My Childhood - A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Select true or false for the following statement.
The narrator had two close friends in his childhood.

Read the following email and answer the given subquestions.

From: Emily Thompson emilyt@gmail.com
To: Sarah Johnson sarahj@gmail.com
Sub: _____

_____,

I am grateful for the interview last Thursday. The chance to work with Dynamic Marketing Solutions excites me greatly. I am confident that my skills and experience make me the right fit for the position of editor at your company. I look forward to your response regarding the next steps.

Best regards,

Emily

Choose the most appropriate subject from the following

Read the following email and answer the given subquestions.

From: Emily Thompson emilyt@gmail.com
To: Sarah Johnson sarahj@gmail.com
Sub: _____

_____,

I am grateful for the interview last Thursday. The chance to work with Dynamic Marketing Solutions excites me greatly. I am confident that my skills and experience make me the right fit for the position of editor at your company. I look forward to your response regarding the next steps.

Best regards,

Emily

Choose the most appropriate salutation from the following

Read the following email and answer the given subquestions.

From: Emily Thompson emilyt@gmail.com
To: Sarah Johnson sarahj@gmail.com
Sub: _____

_____,

I am grateful for the interview last Thursday. The chance to work with Dynamic Marketing Solutions excites me greatly. I am confident that my skills and experience make me the right fit for the position of editor at your company. I look forward to your response regarding the next steps.

Best regards,

Emily

Fill in the blank with the correct option.
This email is a type of ____________.

Read the following email and answer the given subquestions.

From: Emily Thompson emilyt@gmail.com
To: Sarah Johnson sarahj@gmail.com
Sub: _____

_____,

I am grateful for the interview last Thursday. The chance to work with Dynamic Marketing Solutions excites me greatly. I am confident that my skills and experience make me the right fit for the position of editor at your company. I look forward to your response regarding the next steps.

Best regards,

Emily

Select true or false for the following statement
The salutation for an email depends on the specific context in which it is written.

Read the following email and answer the given subquestions.

From: Emily Thompson emilyt@gmail.com
To: Sarah Johnson sarahj@gmail.com
Sub: _____

_____,

I am grateful for the interview last Thursday. The chance to work with Dynamic Marketing Solutions excites me greatly. I am confident that my skills and experience make me the right fit for the position of editor at your company. I look forward to your response regarding the next steps.

Best regards,

Emily

Select true or false for the following statement
The full form of email is electron mail.

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity and answer the given subquestions.
India has made (1) _____________ progress in ending open defecation across the country, which significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 (2) ___________ people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 (3) ____________ of the people in South Asia and (4) _______________ half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open. UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced (5) _______________ by an estimated 450 million people.

Choose the correct answer for blank (1).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity and answer the given subquestions.
India has made (1) _____________ progress in ending open defecation across the country, which significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 (2) ___________ people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 (3) ____________ of the people in South Asia and (4) _______________ half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open. UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced (5) _______________ by an estimated 450 million people.

Choose the correct answer for blank (2).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity and answer the given subquestions.
India has made (1) _____________ progress in ending open defecation across the country, which significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 (2) ___________ people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 (3) ____________ of the people in South Asia and (4) _______________ half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open. UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced (5) _______________ by an estimated 450 million people.

Choose the correct answer for blank (3).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity and answer the given subquestions.
India has made (1) _____________ progress in ending open defecation across the country, which significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 (2) ___________ people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 (3) ____________ of the people in South Asia and (4) _______________ half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open. UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced (5) _______________ by an estimated 450 million people.

Choose the correct answer for blank (4).

Fill in the blanks with correct expressions of numbers/values/quantity and answer the given subquestions.
India has made (1) _____________ progress in ending open defecation across the country, which significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 (2) ___________ people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 (3) ____________ of the people in South Asia and (4) _______________ half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open. UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced (5) _______________ by an estimated 450 million people.

Choose the correct answer for blank (5).

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What was Mr. Rajesh Kumar's educational background?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What inspired Mr. Kumar to choose the civil services as a career path?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What key challenges does Mr. Kumar expect to face while discharging his duties as a civil servant?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

How does Mr. Kumar view the impact of globalization on the Indian economy?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What would be Mr. Kumar's approach when facing pressure to compromise on ethical grounds from higher authorities?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What are Mr. Kumar's long-term goals in the civil services?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What was Mr. Kumar’s question to the chairperson?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

How does Mr. Kumar plan to contribute to society through his service as a civil servant?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

What academic background did Mr. Kumar have during his Master's degree?

Read the following exchange between a chairperson and a candidate and answer the given subquestions:

Chairperson: Good morning, Mr. Kumar. Please have a seat.

Candidate: Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Chairperson: Let's start with some general questions. Tell us about your educational background and any work experience you have.

Candidate: Certainly, Sir. I have completed my Bachelor's in Economics from Delhi University and later pursued a Master's in Public Administration from Jawaharlal Nehru University. As for work experience, I have worked as a Research Associate at a think tank focusing on socio-economic policy analysis for two years.

Member 1: That's impressive, Mr. Kumar. Now, can you share your reasons for choosing the civil services as a career path?

Candidate: Thank you, Ma'am. I have always been inspired by my father, who served in the Indian Police Service. His dedication to public service and commitment to the nation motivated me to follow a similar path. Moreover, I believe the civil services provide an excellent platform to make a positive impact on society and contribute to its development.

Member 2: That's commendable. As an aspiring civil servant, what are the key challenges you think you might face while discharging your duties?

Candidate: I believe there will be various challenges, such as ensuring efficient service delivery to citizens, addressing regional disparities, and managing resources effectively. Additionally, maintaining transparency, fighting corruption, and navigating through bureaucratic processes will also be significant challenges.

Chairperson: You seem well-prepared. Now, let's discuss a current affairs topic. Recently, there have been debates on the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. What are your views on this subject?

Candidate: Globalization has undeniably played a crucial role in shaping India's economy. While it has opened up opportunities for trade and investment, it has also posed challenges in terms of job displacement and income inequality. I believe the key is to strike a balance and leverage globalization's benefits while also safeguarding the interests of vulnerable sections of society through robust policies.

Member 1: Excellent response. As an officer in the administration, you will face situations where there could be pressure from political or higher authorities to compromise on ethical grounds. How would you handle such situations?

Candidate: Upholding ethical values is of utmost importance to me. In such situations, I would firmly adhere to my principles and stand by the rule of law and constitution. I would try to communicate the importance of ethical conduct to the higher authorities, and if required, seek guidance from senior mentors to navigate through such situations without compromising on integrity.

Member 2: Well said. One last question before we conclude. What are your long-term goals, and how do you see yourself contributing to society through your service?

Candidate: My long-term goal is to work on policy formulation and implementation, focusing on socio-economic development, education, and healthcare. I aspire to contribute to the overall welfare of the citizens by promoting inclusivity, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making. Through my service, I hope to create a positive and lasting impact on the lives of people, especially those from marginalized communities.

Chairperson: That's a wonderful vision, Mr. Kumar. We appreciate your thoughtful responses. Do you have any questions for us?

Candidate: Yes, I would like to know how the civil services are adapting to the changing needs of the 21st century and the digital age.

Chairperson: [Answer the candidate's question]

Chairperson: Thank you, Mr. Kumar, for your time and thoughtful answers. We wish you all the best for your future endeavors.

Candidate: Thank you, Sir/Madam. It was an honor to be here

How would Mr. Kumar handle challenges related to job displacement and income inequality due to globalization?

Exercise: Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social setting. Setting 1: Communicating with a salesperson while shopping in a supermarket: Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

When requesting to check the price of an item

Exercise: Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social setting. Setting 1: Communicating with a salesperson while shopping in a supermarket: Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

When politely asking if there are any special discounts available

Exercise: Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social setting. Setting 1: Communicating with a salesperson while shopping in a supermarket: Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

When expressing a preference for a specific brand of yogurt

Exercise: Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social setting. Setting 1: Communicating with a salesperson while shopping in a supermarket: Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

When asking for groceries to be delivered to your house

Exercise: Identify the most appropriate sentence to use in the following social setting. Setting 1: Communicating with a salesperson while shopping in a supermarket: Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

When requesting information about the ingredients of a packaged food item

Given below is a write-up from The Guardian decrying the inequalities in maternal healthcare for women of colour. Go through the paragraph and answer the given subquestions that follow:
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare. A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women. MPs behind the report have rightly denounced the government’s failure to address this gulf.
The statistic is not news. Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades. Serena Williams recently drew attention to this phenomenon in the US when writing about the birth of her daughter. The tennis player, who was at risk of blood clots, was told when requesting a scan that medicine was making her “talk crazy”. Once the scan was granted, it revealed what Ms. Williams had suspected. The clots had returned. The resistance she faced is not uncommon. Research from the US shows how racist assumptions that black patients can endure more pain have resulted in doctors being less likely to grant them adequate treatment. In Britain, black women report being denied pain relief, feeling unsafe and seeing their concerns ignored by midwives and doctors.
When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored. Many of the problems faced by women of colour in maternity wards are rooted in unconscious biases. Midwives still use the Apgar score, a 1952 tool that checks the health of new- borns by the colour of their skin. Textbooks and equipment are still based around white bodies: pulse oximeters are prone to inaccurate readings when gauging the oxygen levels of people with darker skin. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials.
The NHS (National Health Service) founded the independent Race and Health Observatory in 2021, and local maternity services have made progress on adopting equality plans, but leadership from the top is needed to adequately address and rectify the issue. So long as politicians trivialise systemic racism and pretend that the journey towards equality is complete, the causes of these health disparities will go undiagnosed.

Fill in the blank with the most fitting adverb.
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare.

Given below is a write-up from The Guardian decrying the inequalities in maternal healthcare for women of colour. Go through the paragraph and answer the given subquestions that follow:
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare. A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women. MPs behind the report have rightly denounced the government’s failure to address this gulf.
The statistic is not news. Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades. Serena Williams recently drew attention to this phenomenon in the US when writing about the birth of her daughter. The tennis player, who was at risk of blood clots, was told when requesting a scan that medicine was making her “talk crazy”. Once the scan was granted, it revealed what Ms. Williams had suspected. The clots had returned. The resistance she faced is not uncommon. Research from the US shows how racist assumptions that black patients can endure more pain have resulted in doctors being less likely to grant them adequate treatment. In Britain, black women report being denied pain relief, feeling unsafe and seeing their concerns ignored by midwives and doctors.
When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored. Many of the problems faced by women of colour in maternity wards are rooted in unconscious biases. Midwives still use the Apgar score, a 1952 tool that checks the health of new- borns by the colour of their skin. Textbooks and equipment are still based around white bodies: pulse oximeters are prone to inaccurate readings when gauging the oxygen levels of people with darker skin. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials.
The NHS (National Health Service) founded the independent Race and Health Observatory in 2021, and local maternity services have made progress on adopting equality plans, but leadership from the top is needed to adequately address and rectify the issue. So long as politicians trivialise systemic racism and pretend that the journey towards equality is complete, the causes of these health disparities will go undiagnosed.

“A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women.” The given statement is significant to the argument that the essay makes because

Given below is a write-up from The Guardian decrying the inequalities in maternal healthcare for women of colour. Go through the paragraph and answer the given subquestions that follow:
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare. A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women. MPs behind the report have rightly denounced the government’s failure to address this gulf.
The statistic is not news. Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades. Serena Williams recently drew attention to this phenomenon in the US when writing about the birth of her daughter. The tennis player, who was at risk of blood clots, was told when requesting a scan that medicine was making her “talk crazy”. Once the scan was granted, it revealed what Ms. Williams had suspected. The clots had returned. The resistance she faced is not uncommon. Research from the US shows how racist assumptions that black patients can endure more pain have resulted in doctors being less likely to grant them adequate treatment. In Britain, black women report being denied pain relief, feeling unsafe and seeing their concerns ignored by midwives and doctors.
When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored. Many of the problems faced by women of colour in maternity wards are rooted in unconscious biases. Midwives still use the Apgar score, a 1952 tool that checks the health of new- borns by the colour of their skin. Textbooks and equipment are still based around white bodies: pulse oximeters are prone to inaccurate readings when gauging the oxygen levels of people with darker skin. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials.
The NHS (National Health Service) founded the independent Race and Health Observatory in 2021, and local maternity services have made progress on adopting equality plans, but leadership from the top is needed to adequately address and rectify the issue. So long as politicians trivialise systemic racism and pretend that the journey towards equality is complete, the causes of these health disparities will go undiagnosed.

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate verb.
Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades.

Given below is a write-up from The Guardian decrying the inequalities in maternal healthcare for women of colour. Go through the paragraph and answer the given subquestions that follow:
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare. A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women. MPs behind the report have rightly denounced the government’s failure to address this gulf.
The statistic is not news. Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades. Serena Williams recently drew attention to this phenomenon in the US when writing about the birth of her daughter. The tennis player, who was at risk of blood clots, was told when requesting a scan that medicine was making her “talk crazy”. Once the scan was granted, it revealed what Ms. Williams had suspected. The clots had returned. The resistance she faced is not uncommon. Research from the US shows how racist assumptions that black patients can endure more pain have resulted in doctors being less likely to grant them adequate treatment. In Britain, black women report being denied pain relief, feeling unsafe and seeing their concerns ignored by midwives and doctors.
When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored. Many of the problems faced by women of colour in maternity wards are rooted in unconscious biases. Midwives still use the Apgar score, a 1952 tool that checks the health of new- borns by the colour of their skin. Textbooks and equipment are still based around white bodies: pulse oximeters are prone to inaccurate readings when gauging the oxygen levels of people with darker skin. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials.
The NHS (National Health Service) founded the independent Race and Health Observatory in 2021, and local maternity services have made progress on adopting equality plans, but leadership from the top is needed to adequately address and rectify the issue. So long as politicians trivialise systemic racism and pretend that the journey towards equality is complete, the causes of these health disparities will go undiagnosed.

Which of the following options illustrates the unconscious biases in maternity wards?

Given below is a write-up from The Guardian decrying the inequalities in maternal healthcare for women of colour. Go through the paragraph and answer the given subquestions that follow:
Institutional racism is (1) _____ visible in healthcare. A recent example comes from a report published by the Women and Equalities Committee, which finds that black women are almost four times more likely to die as a result of childbirth than white women. MPs behind the report have rightly denounced the government’s failure to address this gulf.
The statistic is not news. Racial inequalities in maternal healthcare have been (2) _____ for at least two decades. Serena Williams recently drew attention to this phenomenon in the US when writing about the birth of her daughter. The tennis player, who was at risk of blood clots, was told when requesting a scan that medicine was making her “talk crazy”. Once the scan was granted, it revealed what Ms. Williams had suspected. The clots had returned. The resistance she faced is not uncommon. Research from the US shows how racist assumptions that black patients can endure more pain have resulted in doctors being less likely to grant them adequate treatment. In Britain, black women report being denied pain relief, feeling unsafe and seeing their concerns ignored by midwives and doctors.
When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored. Many of the problems faced by women of colour in maternity wards are rooted in unconscious biases. Midwives still use the Apgar score, a 1952 tool that checks the health of new- borns by the colour of their skin. Textbooks and equipment are still based around white bodies: pulse oximeters are prone to inaccurate readings when gauging the oxygen levels of people with darker skin. Ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in clinical trials.
The NHS (National Health Service) founded the independent Race and Health Observatory in 2021, and local maternity services have made progress on adopting equality plans, but leadership from the top is needed to adequately address and rectify the issue. So long as politicians trivialise systemic racism and pretend that the journey towards equality is complete, the causes of these health disparities will go undiagnosed.

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate adjectives.
“When politicians and parts of the media promote the idea that racism is a matter of bad apples rather than (3) _____ failures, it should be no surprise that the role of systemic racism in health is ignored.”

“Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore—And then run?”
What is the figure of speech used here?

Which of the following discourse markers is used to emphasis a stronger ‘yes’?

Which of the following sentences uses a discourse marker to conclude?

“I left a spiral notebook with a unicorn on its front cover on the table.”
This sentence is in:

Identify the sentence adverb in the following sentence.
“Eventually, he went inside.”

‘They are playing with their equipment.’ The reported speech of this sentence is ____.

There is ___ resistance against the mining project.

___ my books are missing from my cabin.

‘If you rent out this space, you will get additional income.’ This is a ___ sentence.

‘The engineer constructed this house.’ This sentence is in ______.

Choose an appropriate quantifier and fill in the blank.
I don’t have ___ money

‘Freedom is joy’. This sentence does not have any words with suffixes.

Adding ‘-able’ to ‘drink’ changes it from

Identify the number of suffixes in the following sentence.
‘That man is as forgetful as some animals are fabled to be.’

Complete the given sentence with the most fitting question tag.
I fear you will get into trouble too often, _____?

The complementizer in the sentence ‘He could not tell whether the sun still shone on the earth or not’ can be substituted with ‘if’.
The given statement is:

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate modal verb.
I _________________ study well in order to get a good job.

Which of the following sentences are grammatically sound?

‘________, you have a plan for stability before you quit your current job?’

‘________, they do not want to hire people who have no experience with children to work in a school.’