Software Engineering End Term: 13 September 2026 (May 2026 term)

An educational technology company plans to introduce an AI tutor. Before implementation, a team creates wireframes, interactive mock-ups, and usability prototypes. Teachers evaluate these prototypes and suggest improvements.
Who is primarily responsible for these activities?

Which deployment environment directly serves real customers?

A company needs complete control over the server hardware, operating system, storage configuration, and networking because it runs highly customized software.
Which hosting option is most suitable?

A software team has completed testing each individual function independently. The next step is to combine these functions and verify whether they interact correctly.
Which level of testing is being performed?

A software company is developing a hospital management system. During code review, the quality assurance team observes that certain functions contain several nested if, for, and while statements. These functions are difficult to understand, require more test cases, and are more likely to contain defects.
The team wants to use a software metric whose value increases with the number of decision points in a function.
Which metric is most appropriate?

Which UML diagram primarily represents the interaction among objects over time?

An online shopping website stores a customer's delivery address and preferred payment method so that future purchases require fewer interactions.
Which usability goal is primarily improved?

Every screen of an application uses the same font, color scheme, and placement of the Save button.
Which heuristic is BEST illustrated?

A software company is developing an online banking application. During the weekly project review, the project manager asks:
● How many defects are still open? ● Which developer is currently assigned to each defect? ● Which defects have the highest priority? ● How long has each defect remained unresolved?
Which tool is most suitable for obtaining this information?

A banking application is currently running in Production Environment A. The development team deploys the new version to Production Environment B without interrupting the existing service. After successful validation, all user traffic is redirected to Environment B.
Which deployment strategy is being used?

A software team waits until all modules have been implemented before integrating them together in a single step.
Which integration strategy is being used?

A software team wants to achieve the following objectives:
1. Verify that every functional requirement is implemented correctly. 2. Ensure that every branch of the source code has been executed at least once.
Which combination of testing techniques is most appropriate?

A software company develops an online marketplace that sells both physical products (books, electronics) and digital products (e-books, software licenses).
All products are required to implement the following interface.

When implementing the EBook class, the developers realize that the methods packageOrder() and deliver() are never used. To satisfy the interface, they leave these methods empty.
Which SOLID principle is most directly violated by this design?

A movie-ticket booking application currently supports payments through Credit Card, UPI, and Net Banking. The booking module creates payment objects directly as shown below.

The company plans to introduce Apple Pay, Google Pay, and additional payment methods in future releases. During code reviews, the architects observe that every new payment method requires changes to the booking module, increasing maintenance effort and the possibility of introducing defects.
Which design pattern would best improve extensibility by separating object creation from the booking module?

Consider the following sequence.

Which statement is correct?

A software team has two output files:
● one generated from a correct execution, ● another generated from an incorrect execution.
They use a tool to compare the two files line by line to identify where the outputs begin to differ.
Which debugging technique is being applied?

A module receives sensor readings, filters out noisy values, computes the average, and stores the computed result in the database. The output of each step becomes the input of the next.
Which type of cohesion is exhibited?

In the Agile Scrum framework, the Product Backlog is primarily derived from

A project manager assesses the following risks for a software project.

If the project manager prioritizes risks based on their risk scores, which of the following risks should receive the lowest priority?

A software analyst is developing a billing system for a supermarket. Instead of asking cashiers how they perform billing, the analyst spends two days watching them process customers, recording the sequence of activities and noting the problems they encounter.
Which requirement gathering technique is primarily being used?

A user story states: "The checkout page should load quickly." The team revises it to: "The checkout page should load within 2 seconds for 95% of user requests." Which SMART characteristic has been improved?

A team has finalized the requirements for an online payment system. They are now deciding how different modules such as Payment Gateway, User Authentication, and Order Management will interact with each other and are preparing architecture diagrams.
Which SDLC phase is the team currently in?

A company needs to send promotional emails to 5 million customers. Which reasons justify using an asynchronous task queue?

Consider the following code base in Python to answer the given subquestions.

Identify the sets of valid test cases for Branch Coverage.

Consider the following code base in Python to answer the given subquestions.

Identify the sets of valid test cases for Multiple Condition Coverage.

A university is designing a course registration system. The requirements are:
● Students can enroll in multiple courses. ● A course can have multiple students. ● UndergraduateStudent and PostgraduateStudent share common attributes such as roll number and name. ● Both student types are specialized versions of Student.
Which of the following relationships should appear in the UML class diagram?

A software company is developing the control software for an autonomous railway signalling system. The software must satisfy stringent safety requirements, operate under strict hardware constraints, and support real-time communication with multiple external devices. Any failure of the software may lead to severe operational consequences.
The estimated software size is 40 KLOC.
The constants for the three COCOMO project categories are given below.

Based on the project description answer the given subquestions.

What is the initial effort estimate?

A software company is developing the control software for an autonomous railway signalling system. The software must satisfy stringent safety requirements, operate under strict hardware constraints, and support real-time communication with multiple external devices. Any failure of the software may lead to severe operational consequences.
The estimated software size is 40 KLOC.
The constants for the three COCOMO project categories are given below.

Based on the project description answer the given subquestions.

The project manager determines the following cost-driver multipliers.

What is the final effort estimate?