Question 1

**Instructions:** The exam is pen \& paper based and should be answered in the sheets provided to you.\ **Part A (Multiple Choice Questions):** Each question has four choices, out of which only one is the correct answer. (12×3=36 marks)\ Q1. Which of the following plots depicts a temporal variation of data? A: line chart of stock price over 30 days; B: scatter plot of weight (kg) against height (cm) C: bar chart of sales (units) for Products A to D; D: histogram of frequency by age (years) Q2. Florence Nightingale made a representative plot to convince the administration on the issue of deaths due to infections in the hospital. What do you think was misleading in the plot? A. The color coding of blue and black led to contrastive differences due to preventable and other causes of disease.\ B. The difference in deaths should be compared with respect to the length as compared to the area.\ C. Pie-chart was deliberately used to show deaths during selective months of battle.\ D. The data was plotted on a static plot.\ Q3. Henry Beck’s redesign of the London Underground map in 1931 introduced a revolutionary approach to transit maps. What was the key enhancement that made his design iconic and widely adopted?\ A. He used realistic geographical proportions to ensure accuracy.\ B. He introduced color-coded lines and eliminated station labels to simplify the design. C. He replaced the geographically accurate layout with a schematic diagram, focusing on clarity over geographical accuracy.\ D. He incorporated 3D elements to represent the depth of underground tunnels.\ Q4. In the ”Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies,” the ”Trough of Disillusionment” represents a critical phase in the adoption of a technology. Which of the following best explains why this phase occurs?\ A. The technology reaches a maturity point where further innovations cease, causing stagnation. B. Over-hyped expectations fail to align with the technology’s actual capabilities, leading to disappointment and reduced interest.\ C. Competing technologies enter the market, overshadowing the initial technology and diverting attention.\ D. Investment and funding dramatically increase, leading to a mismatch between resources and practical outcomes.\ E. Early adopters abandon the technology due to the emergence of superior alternatives. Q5. Data visualization techniques can be broadly categorized into different types based on their purpose and the type of data they represent. Which of the following correctly identifies four types of data visualization?\ A. Statistical, Geospatial, Temporal, and Hierarchical\ B. Interactive, Static, Multivariate, and Categorical\ C. Descriptive, Predictive, Prescriptive, and Diagnostic\ D. Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed, and Time-series\ E. Tabular, Network, Dimensional, and Dynamic\ Q6. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the strategy of ”flattening the curve” aims to achieve which of the following outcomes?\ A. Eradicating the virus through accelerated herd immunity.\ B. Reducing the peak number of simultaneous cases to prevent overwhelming healthcare systems. C. Shortening the overall duration of the pandemic.\ D. Eliminating the need for social distancing and other public health measures.\ E. Ensuring that the virus infects only low-risk populations.\ Q7. A news agency wants to show the economic output of different countries, resizing them according to their GDP. Which map type would best convey this information?\ A. Cartogram\ B. Choropleth Map\ C. Dot Map\ D. Isopleth Map\ Q8. A city council needs to visualize population density across different neighborhoods to help allocate resources like schools and hospitals more effectively. The data is available by neighborhood, with each neighborhood having a specific population density value. Which type of map would be most effective for visualizing population density across neighborhoods, where each neighborhood is represented as a predefined geographic region?\ A. Choropleth Map\ B. Dot Map\ C. Cartogram\ D. Isopleth Map\ Q9. The following image shows the origin and spread of various diseases like smallpox, leprosy, and malaria around the globe. It is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. "Contagion" world map infographic showing routes of malaria, leprosy and smallpox A. Choropleth\ B. Cartogram\ C. Isopleth\ D. Flow maps\ Q10. A tourism board wants to highlight the most visited locations in their country on a map for an upcoming campaign. Which of the following is the best approach to visualize the most visited locations?\ A. Choropleth Map\ B. Dot Map\ C. Cartogram\ D. Isopleth Map\ **(Common Data for Q11 \& Q12)**\ You have a dataset showing COVID-19 vaccination statistics across multiple countries. The dataset includes information such as the number of people vaccinated, vaccination rates, daily vaccination rates, and the percentage of the population fully vaccinated.\ Based on this dataset, you need to create various visualizations for different purposes. Q11. If you want to compare the number of vaccinations administered in multiple countries in a single day, while also showing the percentage of the population vaccinated (e.g., partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated), which type of chart would be most effective?\ A. Pie Chart\ B. Line Chart\ C. Stacked Bar Chart\ D. Scatter Plot\ Q12. What feature should you include in a bar chart comparing vaccination rates across countries to improve readability?\ A. Use random colors for each bar.\ B. Sort countries alphabetically.\ C. Sort countries by vaccination rate.\ D. Remove labels to declutter the chart. **Part B – Multiple Select Question:** Each question has four choices, out of which one or more than one choice(s) is the correct answer. (8\*4 = 32 marks)\ Q1. Suppose you want to plot the correlation of the sale of umbrellas with season. Which of the following plots will you use-\ A. Scatter\ B. Box Plot\ C. Heat Map\ D. Histogram\ Q2. Data visualizations and infographics are both powerful tools for representing information visually. Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences between the two? (Select all that apply.)\ A. Data visualizations are primarily used for data analysis and exploration, whereas infographics are used to tell a narrative or story.\ B. Infographics combine visual elements with explanatory text, while data visualizations typically rely on visual representation alone to convey insights.\ C. Data visualizations are more suitable for interactive exploration, while infographics are usually static and designed for quick consumption.\ D. Infographics prioritize simplicity and aesthetics for a general audience, whereas data visualizations prioritize accuracy and detail for technical users.\ E. Infographics cannot represent quantitative data, whereas data visualizations are explicitly designed for quantitative datasets.\ Q3. Which of the following statements accurately differentiates data visualizations from infographics? (Select all that apply.)\ A. Data visualizations typically represent a single dataset, focusing on numerical data, while infographics combine multiple data visualizations with narrative elements to tell a comprehensive story.\ B. Infographics are generally interactive, allowing users to explore data in depth, whereas data visualizations are static representations of data.\ C. The primary goal of data visualizations is to facilitate data analysis and exploration, whereas infographics aim to make information accessible and engaging to a broader audience. D. Data visualizations prioritize aesthetic appeal to attract viewers, while infographics emphasize accuracy and clarity in data representation.\ E. Infographics often include qualitative data and storytelling elements, whereas data visualizations are grounded in quantitative data and statistical analysis.\ Q4. During the cholera epidemic in 1854, Dr. Snow postulated a map to depict the death. A cropped version of the map is shown below- Black-and-white historical street map with black bars marking cases at addresses The black lines here depict the number of deaths due to cholera. Although the deaths were more concentrated in the central region, what do you think could be the possible reason for the spread of the disease in the other parts of the city (some are depicted and some are not depicted on the map)–\ A. Cholera being a waterborne disease is carried by pests such as mice, flies, etc.\ B. People from different parts of the city used to visit the central part to collect water. C. House staff working in different parts of the city used to stay in these regions and collect water for households from this region.\ D. People working in the brewery used to spread the disease in the other parts of the city. Q5. Which data types allow you to quantify the difference between values?\ A. Interval Data\ B. Ratio Data\ C. Nominal Data\ D. Ordinal Data\ Q6. A weather department wants to display rainfall distribution over a region using an isopleth map. What are the features of an isopleth map that make it suitable for this task?\ A. It uses lines to connect points of equal rainfall.\ B. It groups data into discrete categories.\ C. It provides a continuous surface view of rainfall distribution.\ D. It is effective only for small datasets.\ Q7. A news outlet wants to depict global CO2 emissions in a distorted map, with countries sized based on their emissions. What are the key characteristics of a cartogram in this context? A. Geographic accuracy is preserved.\ B. Sizes of regions are proportional to CO2 emissions.\ C. It emphasizes data over geography.\ D. It uses continuous gradients for displaying the data.\ Q8. How does understanding data characteristics influence data visualization and analysis? A. Understanding data characteristics allows for the detection of patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data.\ B. Data characteristics ensure that visualizations automatically convey the intended message without manual intervention.\ C. Knowledge of data characteristics guides the choice of visual encodings such as size, color, or position for better clarity.\ D. Data characteristics eliminate the need for preprocessing or cleaning the data before visualization.\ E. Understanding data characteristics helps in selecting appropriate statistical summaries to complement visual insights. **Part C – Short Answer Questions:** Write 100-150 words answers to each question. Answer using pen \& paper using the paper provided to you. (2x16=32 marks)\ Q1. Given below are 2 charts. Identify the purpose of the chart (whether it is idea illustration, idea generation, visual confirmation or visual discovery, using Scott Berinato’s visualization typology framework), and justify why each of them belongs to its respective type. Scatter plot of countries by change in wealth against change in fast food sales, coloured by income group "Brexit Explained: The Eurozone visualized" infographic of overlapping European trade zones and countries Q2. Critically analyse the following graphic that shows the difference in the amount of time people spent during the pre-COVID and post-COVID eras. This was part of Bain \& Company‘s report on “Ways to Accelerate Digital Solutions,” which was published in June 2020. Suggest at least two redesign with improvements. Infographic of stacked bars comparing hours spent per day on activities pre-Covid and now, with percentage changes