Consider the class diagram given below. Figure from the original question paper Which of the following is/are true about the class diagram?

(A) There is an association relation between Customer and Order.

(B) There is a composition relation between Order and Item.

(C) There is an inheritance relation between Order and ExpressOrder.

(D) There is an aggregation relation between Customer and Order.

(E) There is a composition relation between Customer and Order.

(F) There is an inheritance relation between Item and Order.

September 2025 term · Software Engineering · BSCS3001

Software Engineering Quiz 2: 23 November 2025 (September 2025 term)

The IIT Madras BS Software Engineering (Software Engineering) Quiz 2 paper sat on 23 Nov 2025, in the September 2025 term: 25 questions for 100 marks in 120 minutes. Every question is below with its answer. Take it as a timed mock test to be marked, or read it through first.

Questions: 25
Marks: 100
Duration: 120 min
MCQ: 19
MSQ: 6

Take as mock test Practise with answers

Updated 25 Sept 2026

Official paper: IIT M IMPROVEMENT AN EXAM QIA2 23 Nov 2025 · No negative marking.

Question 1

+4 marksOne correct option

A company is developing an Online Food Delivery System (OFDS). Different users and systems interact with OFDS in various ways. Identify the type of client in each case.
1. A customer orders food from a restaurant using the OFDS mobile app.
2. The restaurant staff updates menu items and prices through the OFDS portal. 3. The payment gateway processes the customer’s payment for the order.
4. The delivery tracking module communicates with the restaurant’s order management system to update order status.
Which of the following correctly matches the type of client for each case?

A
1 → External user, 2 → Internal user, 3 → Software client, 4 → Software client
B
1 → Internal user, 2 → External user, 3 → Software client, 4 → Internal user
C
1 → External user, 2 → Software client, 3 → Internal user, 4 → Software client
D
1 → Software client, 2 → External user, 3 → Internal user, 4 → Internal user

Show answer

Correct answer

A
1 → External user, 2 → Internal user, 3 → Software client, 4 → Software client

Question 1 on its own page

Question 2

+4 marksOne correct option

A ride-hailing company has completed the development of a fare estimation feature. Internal testers simulate trips and detect issues before release. Later, the company releases the feature to selected users to get real-world feedback.
Which testing phases do these correspond to?

A
Integration testing → Beta testing
B
Alpha testing → Beta testing
C
Unit testing → Integration testing
D
Beta testing → Alpha testing

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Alpha testing → Beta testing

Question 2 on its own page

Question 3

+4 marksOne or more correct options

In a distributed software development project, multiple teams work on different modules. Each module exposes an interface to allow other teams to interact with it.
From the following statements, which one(s) correctly describe the purpose of an interface definition?

Select all that apply.

A
It specifies what actions a function or module can perform.
B
It explains how the function or module is implemented internally.
C
It defines the allowed inputs, requests, and format of the outputs.
D
Once the interface is defined, the underlying implementation can change without affecting other modules.

Show answer

Correct answers

A
It specifies what actions a function or module can perform.
C
It defines the allowed inputs, requests, and format of the outputs.
D
Once the interface is defined, the underlying implementation can change without affecting other modules.

Question 3 on its own page

Question 4

+4 marksOne or more correct options

A team is building a mobile banking app. The exact requirements are unclear, so they build a prototype with limited functionality and share it with the client for feedback before building the full system.
Which of the following are advantages of using a prototype model?

Select all that apply.

A
Helps clients understand what they actually need.
B
Reduces development cost because prototypes are always used in production.
C
Helps developers identify technical issues and improve design before full development.
D
Ensures all bugs are caught before the final system is built.

Show answer

Correct answers

A
Helps clients understand what they actually need.
C
Helps developers identify technical issues and improve design before full development.

Question 4 on its own page

Question 5

+4 marksOne or more correct options

You are developing features for the sales summary module of the seller portal. Different industries have different priorities: mobile sales teams care about launch day sales, whereas furniture sales teams care about 30-day sales trends.
Why might you conduct focus groups with sales managers from different industries? (More than one answer may be correct)

Select all that apply.

A
To gain consensus on common requirements across industries.
B
To highlight conflicts or differences between stakeholder needs.
C
To observe how users perform tasks in their natural setting.
D
To get detailed regulatory information from banks.

Show answer

Correct answers

A
To gain consensus on common requirements across industries.
B
To highlight conflicts or differences between stakeholder needs.

Question 5 on its own page

Question 6

+4 marksOne correct option

Consider the following two requirements:
Requirement 1: The mobile banking app must complete a fund transfer transaction within 3 seconds.
Requirement 2: The mobile banking app must allow users to view their account balance and transaction history.
Which of the following statements is true?

A
Requirement 1 is a functional requirement, whereas Requirement 2 is a non- functional requirement.
B
Requirement 2 is a functional requirement, whereas Requirement 1 is a non- functional requirement.
C
Both requirements are functional requirements.
D
Both the requirements are non-functional requirements.

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Requirement 2 is a functional requirement, whereas Requirement 1 is a non- functional requirement.

Question 6 on its own page

Question 7

+4 marksOne correct option

Consider the user story given below for a ride-sharing app and answer the question. Feature: Find nearby drivers
As a rider,
I want to search for available drivers
so that I can see driver details, estimated fare and arrival time within a reasonable time.
The results must be displayed with clear sorting and filtering options.
Now consider the following improvement in the user story. The phrase
so that I can see driver details, estimated fare and arrival time within a reasonable time.
is modified as:
so that I can see driver details, estimated fare and arrival time within 4 seconds.
It makes the user story more __________.

A
Specific
B
Measurable
C
Achievable
D
Relevant
E
Timeboxed

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Measurable

Question 7 on its own page

Question 8

+4 marksOne correct option

A hospital management system introduces a new appointment booking interface. Users complain that it takes them a long time to figure out how to add or delete a patient record, and no tutorial or guided steps are provided.
Which usability goal is not satisfied?

A
Learnability
B
Memorability
C
Effectiveness
D
Efficiency

Show answer

Correct answer

A
Learnability

Question 8 on its own page

Question 9

+4 marksOne correct option

During a client meeting, the UX designer presents hand-drawn sketches of different screens on paper to demonstrate navigation flow. The client suggests some changes, which the designer applies immediately.
Which type of prototype is being used?

A
Storyboard
B
Paper prototype
C
Interactive prototype
D
Digital mock-up

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Paper prototype

Question 9 on its own page

Question 10

+4 marksOne correct option

A new user opens a document editor and navigates menus to copy text, while an experienced user immediately uses Ctrl+C. Which design heuristic is being demonstrated?

A
Recognition over recall
B
Flexibility
C
Freedom
D
Providing help

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Flexibility

Question 10 on its own page

Question 11

+4 marksOne correct option

A development team is creating a new e-commerce platform. They group related functionalities like inventory management, payment processing, and catalog management into separate modules. What aspect of the design process is being demonstrated?

A
Interfaces
B
Components
C
Algorithms
D
Data structures

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Components

Question 11 on its own page

Question 12

+4 marksOne correct option

Module M1 directly modifies variables inside module M2 by referencing its internal implementation. What is this type of coupling?

A
Data coupling
B
Common coupling
C
Content coupling
D
Control coupling

Show answer

Correct answer

C
Content coupling

Question 12 on its own page

Question 13

+4 marksOne correct option

A developer changes code in one module, and multiple other modules start failing due to dependencies. Which issue does this illustrate?

A
Poor data cohesion
B
High coupling
C
High cohesion
D
Good modular design

Show answer

Correct answer

B
High coupling

Question 13 on its own page

Question 14

+4 marksOne or more correct options

Consider the class diagram given below.

Which of the following is/are true about the class diagram?

Select all that apply.

A
There is an association relation between Customer and Order.
B
There is a composition relation between Order and Item.
C
There is an inheritance relation between Order and ExpressOrder.
D
There is an aggregation relation between Customer and Order.
E
There is a composition relation between Customer and Order.
F
There is an inheritance relation between Item and Order.

Show answer

Correct answers

A
There is an association relation between Customer and Order.
B
There is a composition relation between Order and Item.
C
There is an inheritance relation between Order and ExpressOrder.

Question 14 on its own page

Question 15

+4 marksOne correct option

Which debugging strategy involves tracing the flow of execution from the beginning of the program to identify where the output deviates from expectations?

A
Forward debugging
B
Backward debugging
C
Input manipulation strategy
D
Black-box debugging

Show answer

Correct answer

A
Forward debugging

Question 15 on its own page

Question 16

+4 marksOne correct option

A developer has written the following Python function to compute the factorial of a number: def factorial(n):
if n < 0:
return None
elif n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
else:
result = 1
for i in range(2, n + 1):
result *= i
return result
What is the cyclomatic complexity of this function?

Show answer

Correct answer

Question 16 on its own page

Question 17

+4 marksOne correct option

A developer is working on a branch feature1 while another developer fixes a bug in branch issueP and merges it into the master. The developer now needs to use a function (fun1) added in the bug-fix branch, inside feature1.
Which Git command should be used before merging, to bring the latest changes from master into feature1?

A
git fetch master
B
git pull origin feature1
C
git rebase master
D
git clone master

Show answer

Correct answer

C
git rebase master

Question 17 on its own page

Question 18

+4 marksOne correct option

A compiler processes source code into assembly and then an executable file. Each step transforms data and passes it to the next stage. Which architectural style best describes this system?

A
Peer-to-Peer
B
Model-View-Controller
C
Pipe and Filter
D
Client-Server

Show answer

Correct answer

C
Pipe and Filter

Question 18 on its own page

Question 19

+4 marksOne correct option

A developer is designing a software system for a marketplace. There are multiple delivery types: physical shipment, email delivery, and instant download.
Which of the following is a key advantage of applying the Interface Segregation Principle in this scenario?

A
Clients are forced to implement all delivery methods, ensuring consistency.
B
Each client implements only the methods relevant to its delivery type, avoiding meaningless implementations.
C
Interfaces are removed entirely, and all functionality is placed in one monolithic class.
D
It reduces the number of classes in the system.

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Each client implements only the methods relevant to its delivery type, avoiding meaningless implementations.

Question 19 on its own page

Question 20

+4 marksOne correct option

You are designing a Book class with mandatory fields (ISBN, title, cost) and optional fields (author, published year, description). Using multiple constructors to handle every combination of fields leads to telescoping constructors.
Which design pattern would best solve this problem?

A
Factory Pattern
B
Builder Pattern
C
Adapter Pattern
D
Facade Pattern

Show answer

Correct answer

B
Builder Pattern

Question 20 on its own page

Question 21

+4 marksOne or more correct options

In a sprint planning meeting, which of the following are true?

Select all that apply.

A
The team decides what work can be completed in the sprint
B
Only the product owner decides which user stories are included
C
The team discusses how the selected work will be implemented
D
Sprint planning is time-boxed

Show answer

Correct answers

A
The team decides what work can be completed in the sprint
C
The team discusses how the selected work will be implemented
D
Sprint planning is time-boxed

Question 21 on its own page

Question 22

+4 marksOne or more correct options

Consider a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for a project with root node "Amazon Seller Portal" and leaf nodes such as "Component Diagram," "Database Schema," and "User Interface." Which of the following statements are correct about WBS?

Select all that apply.

A
WBS breaks down project activities into smaller tasks
B
Each leaf node represents a task that can be assigned to a developer
C
Dependencies between tasks are explicitly represented in the WBS
D
WBS is structured like a tree with the project as the root

Show answer

Correct answers

A
WBS breaks down project activities into smaller tasks
B
Each leaf node represents a task that can be assigned to a developer
D
WBS is structured like a tree with the project as the root

Question 22 on its own page

Question 23

+4 marksOne correct option

A
R1
B
R2
C
R3
D
All equally

Show answer

Correct answer

C
R3

Question 23 on its own page

Question 24

+4 marksOne correct option

QWave Solutions is developing an E-commerce Seller Portal for a mid-sized online retailer. The system will include modules for catalog management, inventory tracking, order processing, payments, sales analytics, and customer feedback.
After analyzing past projects, the project manager estimates the total code size to be 6 KLOC. The project is classified as a semi-detached project, so the COCOMO parameters are:
a = 3.0, b = 1.12.
After computing the initial effort, the team also identifies four important cost drivers:

Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

Using the COCOMO model and the given cost drivers, what is the final estimated effort (in person- months) for the project?

A
22.0 PM
B
23.5 PM
C
31.6 PM
D
35.0 PM

Show answer

Correct answer

C
31.6 PM

Question 24 on its own page

Question 25

+4 marksOne correct option

Based on the above data, answer the given subquestions.

If QWave Solutions wants to complete the project in 4 months, how many full-time developers are required?

Show answer

Correct answer

Question 25 on its own page