Data Visualization Design Quiz 2: 6 August 2023 (May 2023 term)

Part A – Multiple Choice Questions: Each question has four choices, out of which only one is the correct answer. (12×3=36 marks)
Q1. Which of the following graphs represents the correct luminance distribution of the image given below?

Q2. Consider the following figure which represents the map of water currents and temperature in the western North Atlantic.

Which of the following leads to the easiest recognition of information?
A. Luminance difference
B. Chromatic difference
C. Both Luminance and Chromatic difference
D. Neither Luminance nor Chromatic difference
Q3. The ability of the mind to recognize all the objects in the image given below represents which of the following given gestalt laws of perceptual organization?

A. Emergence
B. Enclosure
C. Invariance
D. Continuity
Q4. Which Gestalt principle is demonstrated by the image shown?

A. Connection
B. Figure Ground
C. Continuity
D. Common-fate
Q5. For a sample that includes only patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), obesity falsely appears to protect against mortality, whereas in the wider population (with and without CVD), obesity increases the risk of early death. What kind of bias does this portray?
A. Selection Bias
B. Survivorship Bias
C. Healthy User Bias
D. Collider Bias
Q6. To take a look at differences in river water quality across regions of the USA, the following graph is plotted. Among the following distinctive features, which sets the given visualization apart from others?

A) The visualization adeptly utilizes both spatial and temporal elements.
B) The visualization effectively demonstrates cause and effect within a single graph.
C) The visualization seamlessly integrates text with images.
D) The visualization presents data in the form of small multiples, comparing it with the overall trend of the complete dataset.
Q7. A researcher is conducting a study on the relationship between a new drug and the occurrence of rare side effects in the general population. The researcher recruits participants for the study by advertising the research study in a local hospital. What type of bias is most likely to be introduced in this study?
A. Selection Bias
B. Recall Bias
C. Healthy User Bias
D. Survivorship Bias
8. In an abstract artwork, a group of five large circles of different colors is placed close to each other in a cluster. Each circle has smaller circles inside, matching their respective color. When observing this artwork, which Gestalt law is being followed?
A. The Principle of Similarity
B. The Principle of Proximity
C. The Principle of Closure
D. The Principle of Continuity
9. In the design of an interactive map application for a city, certain geographical features, such as major landmarks and rivers, are included while other minor geographical details are omitted. The decision to retain these specific features is based on various reasons. Select the most appropriate option that represents the key considerations for retaining these geographical features. A. They contribute to the map's uniqueness and distinctiveness, making it easily recognizable as a representation of the specific city.
B. They serve as historic landmarks and add cultural and aesthetic value to the map, preserving the city's heritage.
C. They enable users to visualize the geographical layout of the city accurately, highlighting intricate details that enhance the map's precision.
D. They facilitate seamless navigation and provide essential reference points for users to orient themselves within the city.
10. In the context of data visualization, how can Weber's law be applied to enhance the presentation of information?
A. Maintaining proportional relationships between data points with uniform axis scaling. B. Applying animation effects to data transitions
C. Increasing the data resolution to show more decimal places
D. Using a monochromatic color scheme to reduce visual complexity
11. You have been provided with a dataset that presents the distribution of ages in a population of a city. The dataset includes the following key insights:
● 70% of the population is below the age of 40.
● If you are above the age of 65, you belong to the top 5% age group.
● The top 10% age group represents 35% of the total population, while the bottom 50% age group comprises only 20% of the population.
Considering the complexity of the data, which data visualization approach would be the most effective in representing the age distribution in the city?
A) A visual calculator for users to input their age and determine their position within the age groups.
B) A pie chart displaying the proportions of age groups in the city.
C) A line graph plotting age percentiles on the x-axis and corresponding ages on the y-axis. D) A two-bar chart with the first bar representing the percentage of age groups and the second bar displaying the total population within each group.
12. Among the following graphical representations, which one exemplifies a non-aligned graph where the data points are not directly connected?
A. Stacked bar chart
B. Polar area diagram
C. Streamgraph
D. Box plot

Part B – Multiple Select Question: Each question has four choices, out of which one or more than one choice(s) is the correct answer. (8×4=32 marks)
Q1. Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to information detection through the visual system?
A. Our visual system is drawn to edges and recognizes differences rather than absolute values. B. Our visual system builds surface colour primarily on edge contrast data.
C. Our visual system is capable of retrieving actual visual properties from the information based on perceived visual properties.
D. In contrast to the chrominance channel, we are more sensitive to contrast in the luminance channel.
Q2. Which of the following gestalt laws of perceptual organization are followed by the figure given below?

A. Proximity
B. Enclosure
C. Similarity
D. Connection
Q3. Which of the following statements regarding the central tendencies is/are correct? A. A low standard deviation means the data points are more clustered around the mean. B. All three measures of central tendency i.e. mean, median and mode are sensitive to outliers. C. An Index is a descriptive statistic made up of other descriptive statistics.
D. The advantage of any index is that it consolidates lots of complex information into a single number.
4. A longitudinal study examines the relationship between memory decline and alcohol consumption in older adults. The researchers collect data from a group of elderly individuals over a ten-year period. However, some participants drop out of the study due to health issues or other reasons. The final analysis only includes data from participants who completed the full ten-year study. What type(s) of bias is/are most likely to be present in this study?
A) Recall bias
B) Reporting bias
C) Selection bias
D) Healthy user bias
E) Survivorship bias
5. In evaluating the credibility of a research study, which of the following probing inquiries is essential to unveil potential biases and ensure the data's credibility?
A. Did the researchers use advanced statistical methods to analyze the data, ensuring the accuracy of their findings?
B. Can the data be substantiated by a thorough peer-review process, validating its reliability and importance for scholarly scrutiny?
C. Were the study participants provided with detailed information about the research, guaranteeing their informed consent?
D. Where did the data originate from, including the entity that conducted the survey, its funding source, and any possible hidden agendas influencing the results?
E. What meticulous methodology was employed in data collection, encompassing the specific questions asked, the surveyor's identity, the manner of inquiry, and the individuals who were questioned?
6. Which of the following statements accurately describe map projections, the transformations used to represent the curved surface of a globe on a two-dimensional plane?
A) All map projections can perfectly represent the spherical surface without any distortions. B) Depending on the map's purpose, certain distortions in map projections are deemed acceptable, while others are not.
C) Map projections prioritize specific properties of the globe, leading to trade-offs with other properties in the representation.
D) The widely used Mercator projection, developed for navigation purposes, is considered the best projection due to its minimal distortions.
7. In a poster design for a music festival, several bands' names are displayed using different fonts, colors, and sizes. The names of popular bands are positioned closer to the center of the poster, while lesser-known bands' names are placed farther from the center. Additionally, the names of bands playing on the same day are grouped together using a similar color scheme. Identify which Gestalt laws are being followed in this poster design. (Select all that apply.)
A. The Principle of Similarity
B. The Principle of Closure
C. The Principle of Proximity
D. The Principle of Continuity
8. In line with the principle of "Mobilize every graphical element to show the data," what does it encourage in the context of data visualization?
A) Utilizing multifunctioning elements to create graphical challenges, engaging the viewer's perception.
B) Developing design methodologies to improve graphical clarity in complex visualizations. C) Ensuring that all graphical elements effectively encode and represent the underlying data. D) Innovating with imaginative approaches, such as employing human faces to illustrate multivariate data patterns.

Part C – Short Answer Questions: Write 250-300 words answers to each question. Answer using pen & paper using the paper provided to you. (2×16=32 marks)

The 3 charts given above are based on data from NFHS 2019-21, of 5.12 lakh married women, aged 15-49 years, who stated their husbands have other wife or wives besides themselves. Polygamous marriage though not prevalent is still practiced in a few sections of society. Socio- economic factors play a role in polygyny in addition to region and religion.
1. Explain in detail what analysis and conclusions are presented in the narrative, and how it is supported using the visualizations. Specifically, describe the choice & effectiveness of visual encoding & design techniques used.
2. Given the same data, present an alternate analysis and conclusion(s). Using rough sketches (need not be to scale), present how they might be presented through visualizations as a supplementary narrative.